Woodpeckers of the World: Picid In Focus: Streak-breasted Woodpecker Picus viridanus

Tuesday 16 August 2011

Picid In Focus: Streak-breasted Woodpecker Picus viridanus

This typical Picus species is very similar in plumage to Laced Woodpecker Picus vittatus. Indeed, unless good views are obtained these two species can be hard to separate. This male (note red crown) Streak-breasted Woodpecker was photographed at Air Hitam Dalam, mainland Penang, Malaysia, by Tan Choo Eng in August 2011. Note the streaked throat and upper chest (Laced has a plain, unmarked buff-olive throat).

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Background

Woodpeckers, the Picidae, are Piciformes, an order that includes some of the oldest avian lineages. The Piciformes probably originated about 60 million years ago in the Tertiary period and became distinct from their closest relatives some 50 million years ago. Depending upon which taxonomy is followed, and the fact that the status of some species is unclear, around 240-260 woodpecker species probably exist globally. The Picidae includes three subfamilies: Jynginae (wrynecks), Picumninae (piculets) and the Picinae, the “true woodpeckers”. In terms of size, behaviour, distribution and the habitats they use, the Picinae are a fairly diverse group of birds with six distinct tribes. They are widespread and found from sea-level to high-altitudes but absent from the Arctic, Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar and some other islands. Worldwide woodpeckers are usually, but not exclusively, associated with trees.